Independence Day: The Fate of Indonesian Farmers

As the band struck the National anthem, we saluted our red and white flag which was graciously hoisted by our Paskibra (flag hoisting squad). The patriotic atmosphere was thick in the air. We followed the procession solemnly in honor of our fallen heroes who sacrificed their life for a free Indonesia with full sovereignty. It was 70 years ago, our founding fathers, Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta, proclaimed the independence of Indonesia, politically and economically. One question however remains: are we as one nation truly free?

When the flag hoisting ceremony concluded, I rushed to the Ministry of Trade parking lot which was only a few kilometers away from my office. A blasting message on my social media invited netizens to participate in the movement to buy tomatoes from farmers which would be held in several places right after the flag hoisting ceremony, including the parking lot at this ministry. The campaign stole the spotlight in this independence day as micro tool to help tomato growers who were facing severe crisis in the district due to lack of good prices for their produce since there was drastic fall in price for tomatoes in these last three months.

For instance, on normal harvest year, 1 kg tomato was sold for Rp. 2,000 to 2,200 in market, but these few months it is priced as low as Rp. 200, indicating a 80% drop in rates, this season.  Excessive supplies combined with poor distribution and a surge of cheap imported produce in the domestic market are believed to be the cause for this huge price drop that affects the livelihood of farmers.

Setting my foot in the parking lot, I saw civil servants wearing Korpri (Indonesian Civil Service Corps) uniform have full bags of tomatoes and other produces such as dragon fruit, oranges, mangosteen (manggis), snake skin fruit (salak), and sour sop (sirsak). The place was not as crowded as I imagined. Less people from outside of the corps roamed around the area. To my disappointment, the three tons of tomatoes have been sold out a few hours earlier.

Out of curiosity, I asked one of the sellers when the exact time this unusual market was opened. He said right before the ceremony was held most civil servants have flooded the area to hunt the produce. I was lucky I still could grab some snake fruit and oranges as the side fruits to bring home. They tasted more juicy and delicious than the usual fruit I bought from my local supermarket. Their fresh quality was on par with imported fruits. One kilogram of snake fruit was priced at Rp. 15,000,-, orange at Rp. 30,000, mangosteen at Rp. 30,000, dragon fruit at Rp. 40,000 while tomatoes were sold at Rp. 20,000 for three kilograms. We did not haggle the price because this fair was intended to help farmers get good prices.

One of the staffs responsible to manage this fair said that this event was initiated by the Trade Ministry as one of quick responses in addressing the plunging price of tomatoes which have tomato growers suffered a great loss. She said the tomatoes sold in this fair were purchased directly from farmers at Tasikmalaya and Ciamis with price at Rp. 3,000/kg. They will continue to buy the produce from districts of tomatoes in West Java above the buying market price for farmers which are at Rp 2,000 – 2,200/kg. This price is expected to help farmers coped up with their production cost. This measure is a short term only. While the long term measures, she added, would include the restructuring of distribution chain, and building cooperation with local industries having tomatoes as their main ingredients as well as supermarkets.

This crisis as usual faced by most farmers in Indonesia becomes a recurring problem without any viable solution. Growing up in families where farming used to be our main source of income, I experienced such similar story. My grandparents were both farmers who used to have moderate income from their fertile soil. However, as time went by, their life became continuing daily struggle. It became worse when Indonesia has established a clove trading monopoly, the Clove Support and Trading Board (BPPC), controlled by then President Suharto's youngest son during 1990’s.
Under this monopoly, farmers were forced to sell their cloves at vastly reduced prices. Many farmers became bankrupt or destroyed their plantations in protest. My grandparent and uncles had their cloves unattended as the price did not cover the operational cost. From then on, they had difficulties to make ends meet.

Combined with their obsolete farming techniques and less diversification in crops as well as the lure of modern industries have made the work in the field harsh and less attractive. Their descendants turned their back from farming and opted to other profession which offered more stability. This trend has an increasing pattern as many youngsters are now reluctant to become farmers.

It’s off course disconcerting considering that farming has been part of life in Indonesia where Agricultural products played quite a big contribution to the gross domestic income. It came second after the manufacturing sector.  It’s kind of ironic when we hear the condition of agriculture in Indonesia now. The place that used to be an area of surplus agricultural products has became a hunger area. We have to import basic products to feed the nation. The facts indicate that the rise and fall of agriculture is closely linked to macro-economic policy.

It’s been 70 years, Indonesia gains its freedom, sadly its farmers whose blood flow through the veins of this nation are still marginalized as if second class citizen.

Having said so, I think it will be better for the government to focus on the young farmers, to have them trained on how to process the food and also taught on how to market the products. Farmers should not just be thinking about selling the product but marketing it. The government should educate farmers on the overall industry, ranging from fertilizers to techniques to make farming profitable. Agriculture is a dynamic field of knowledge where expertise needs to keep incessantly abreast.

In the end it's about who is more efficient. If we want to be free from those imports, the government needs to make agriculture a national priority.

“Now has come the moment when truly we take the fate of our actions and the fate of our country into our own hands. Only a nation bold enough to take its fate into its own hands will be able to stand in strength.” (Soekarno, Indonesian founding Father)